干
姜 RHIZOMA ZINGIBERIS
本品為姜科植物姜Zingiber officinale Rosc. 的干燥根莖。冬季采挖,除去須根及泥沙,曬干或低溫干燥。
【性狀】本品呈扁平塊狀,具指狀分枝,長(zhǎng)3~7cm,厚1~2cm。表面灰黃色或淺灰棕色,粗糙,具縱皺紋及明顯的環(huán)節(jié)。分枝處常有鱗葉殘存,分枝頂端有莖痕或芽。質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí),斷面黃白色或灰白色,粉性和顆粒性,內(nèi)皮層環(huán)紋明顯,維管束及黃色油點(diǎn)散在。氣香、特異,味辛辣。
【性味與歸經(jīng)】辛、熱。歸脾、胃、腎、心、肺經(jīng)。
【功能與主治】
干姜溫中散寒,回陽(yáng)通脈,燥溫消痰。用于脘腹冷痛,
嘔吐瀉泄,肢冷脈微,痰飲喘咳。
【用法與用量】3~9g。
【貯藏】置陰涼干燥處,防蛀。
-----------『植物形態(tài)』 多年生草本,高0.5-1m;根莖肥厚,有芳香及辛辣味。葉片披針形至條狀披針形,葉舌膜質(zhì);ㄝ銌为(dú)自根莖抽出;穗狀花序,花冠黃綠色,唇瓣中央裂片矩圓狀倒卵形,短于花冠裂片,有紫色條紋及淡黃色斑點(diǎn)。
『收集地』 四川犍為。
-----------源于《本經(jīng)》
《本經(jīng)》:“主胸悶咳逆上氣,溫中,止血,出汗,逐風(fēng)濕痹,腸癖下利,生者尤良!
《本草綱目》:“元素曰,干姜……其用有四:通心助
陽(yáng),一也;去臟腑沉寒痼冷,二也;發(fā)諸經(jīng)之寒氣,三也;治感寒
腹痛,四也!
《本草求真》:“干姜大熱無(wú)毒,守而不走,凡胃中虛冷,元陽(yáng)欲絕,合以
附子同投,則能回陽(yáng)立效,故書有附子無(wú)姜不熱之句!
為姜科多年生草本植物姜Zingiber officinale Rosc. 的干燥根莖。主產(chǎn)于四川、湖北、廣東、廣西、福建、貴州等地。均系栽培。冬季采收,除去須根及泥沙,洗凈曬干或低溫烘干。切片或切塊生用。
-----------[炮制] 干姜 揀凈雜質(zhì),清水浸泡4--5成,撈出潤(rùn)透,切薄片或小塊,曬干。
炮姜 也稱
姜炭、黑姜炭。取干姜片或塊置鍋內(nèi)用武火急炒至發(fā)炮鼓起,外皮呈焦黑色內(nèi)呈老黃色,取出放涼,或噴灑少許清水滅凈火星曬干。炮炒后辛散力減,守而不走,專于溫中止血,治虛寒性出血癥。
[成分] 同
生姜,主含辛辣素和姜油。
-----------[主 類] 溫里藥
[亞 類] 溫里藥
[藥 名] 干姜
[拼 音] ganjiang
[別 名]
[拉丁名稱] Zingiber offcinale Rosc
[英文名稱]
[藥用部位] 本品為姜科植物姜的干燥根狀莖
[采 制] 冬季采挖,除去須根及泥沙,置沸水煮透,曬干,或趁鮮切成薄片曬干
[亞 種] 姜炭
艷
山姜黑心姜姜花果實(shí)
光葉
閉鞘姜滑葉山姜
美山姜
干姜
土良姜大良姜
山姜
山姜花
天目
木姜子木姜子
姜皮
姜露
木姜子葉木姜子莖生姜
老虎姜
豆豉姜姜葉花葉山姜
姜
三七姜味草姜葉三七
廉姜黃姜花
四川木姜子
光葉山姜
竹葉山姜
紅球姜
珊瑚姜
南山姜
南亞
新木姜子香姜
狹葉山姜
絹毛木姜子黑果山姜
黃花大苞姜
炮姜
干姜
南亞新木姜人
參條 [性味歸經(jīng)] 辛,熱。歸脾、胃、心、肺經(jīng)
[功 效] 溫肺化飲(治寒痰咳喘)
溫中散寒(治
胃寒脘腹冷痛\
泄瀉)
回陽(yáng)通脈(治
亡陽(yáng)汗出肢冷\脈微欲絕)
[產(chǎn) 地] 河北
山西
內(nèi)蒙
黑龍江
吉林
遼寧
陜西
甘肅
寧夏
新疆
青海
西藏
四川
云南
貴州
河南
湖南
湖北
山東
江蘇
浙江
福建
江西
安徽
臺(tái)灣
廣東
廣西
海南
[組 方] 保
心寧片 [有效成分]
[參考文獻(xiàn)] Update on natural product-drug interactions
New gingerdione from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale
Paster session 3A. food and natural products
Cyclic diarylheptanoids from rhizomes of zingiber officinale
Cyclic diarylheptanoids from rhizomes of zingiber officinale
Structure and synthesis of [n]-dehydroroshogaols from zingiber officinale
Changes in the amounts of [6]gingerol and derivatives during a culture cycle of ginger ,zingiber officinale
Optimal pollination environment of tetraploid ginger (zingber officinal roscoe) evaluated by in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles
Cyclisation of farnesyl pyrophosphate into sesquiterpenoids in ginger rhizomes Zingiber officinale
Dissociation between anxiolytic and hypomnestic effects for combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba,as opposed to diazepam
High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the main pungent principles of solar dried west indian ginger
Investigation of the teratogenic potential of a Zingiber officinale extract in the rat
Comparison of the histology of
In vitro induction of tetraploid ginger (Zingiber ofcinale Roscoe) and its pollen fertility and germinability
Solar drying of west indian ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) rhizome using a wire basket dryer
Liquid chromatographic analysis of the main pungent principles of solar dried West Indian ginger
Antiemetic efficacy of (zingiber officinale) against cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs
Enhanced maze performance and reduced oxidative stress by combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba in the aged rat
In?¥uence of Dietary Ginger (Zingiber ocinales Rosc) on Oxidative Stress Induced by Malathion in Rats
Blockade of lithium chloride-induced conditioned place aversion as a test for antiemetic agents:comparison of metoclpramide with combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba
Antidepressant effects of Banxia Houpu decoction, a traditional Chinese medicinal empirical formula
The hurdle effect of mild heat and two tropical spice extracts on the growth of three fungi in fruit juices
Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts
Anxiolytic-like effect of combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba in the elevated plus-maze
Effect of r-irradiation on the volatile oil constituents of fresh ginger (zingiber officinale) rhizome
Optimization of radiation treatment of ginger (zingiber officinale) rhizonmes using response surface methodology
Protability of chemical weed control in ginger (Zingiber ozcinale Roscoe) production in Northern Nigeria
The protective action of ethanolic ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in cholesterol fed rabbits
Activity of a crude extract formulation in experimental hepatic amoebiasis and in immunomodulation studies
High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of pungent constituents of ginger
The effect of chinese medicinal herb zingiberis rhizoma extract on cytokine secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Effect of ginger tea on the fetal development of Sprague-Dawley rats
Purification of ginger proteases by deae-sepharose and isoelectric focusing
Immunostimulant activity of dry fruits and plant materials used in Indian traditional medical system for mothers after child birth and invalids
Metabolism of [6]-gingerol in rats
Effect of physical and chemical factor variations on the effciency of mechanical slicing of Nigerian ginger (Zingiber Offcinale Rose)
Screening of medicinal plants for induction of somatic segregation activity in aspergillus nidulans
Anti-tumor promoting potential of selected spice ingredients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities: a short review
Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances
Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances
Gingerols and Related Analogues Inhibit Arachidonic Acid-Induced Human Platelet Serotonin Release and Aggregation
Susceptibility of unprotected seeds and seeds of local bambara groundnut cultivars protected with insecticidal essential oils to infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus F
Chemical Composition and Analyses of Enantiomers of Essential Oils from Madagascar
Effect of Different Combinations of MGK-264 or Piperonyl Butoxide with Plant-Derived Molluscicides on Snail Reproduction
Effects of a Ginger Extract on Knee Pain in Patients With Osteoarthritis
Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber ofcinale)
Enantiomer separation of the characteristic odorants in Japanese fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) using multidimensional GC system and confirmation of the odour character of each enantiomer by GC¨Colfactometry
High-frequency in vitro multiplication of disease-free Zingiber officinaleRosc.
Shrinivas Krishnarao Kulkarni Investigations on possible serotonergic involvement in effects of OB-200G (polyherbal preparation) on food intake in female mice
Non-destructive NIR-FT-Raman analyses in practice. Part 1. Analyses of plants and historic textiles
The composition of the essential oil of dried Nigerian ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
The Stability of Gingerol and Shogaol in Aqueous Solutions
The Use of Piperonyl Butoxide and to MGK-264 Improve the Efficacy of Some Plant-Derived Molluscicides
-----------云南干姜
生姜是穰科植物,適宜在熱帶或亞熱帶的沙土中生長(zhǎng)。由于含有強(qiáng)烈的辛辣味道和濃郁香氣,生姜被廣泛地用作儀器的調(diào)味劑。新鮮生姜經(jīng)過(guò)加工或提煉,可以制成干姜、姜粉和姜油,主要用作工業(yè)食品的調(diào)味芳香劑和供藥用。
云南省種植生姜的自然條件適宜,羅平、保山等縣為主要產(chǎn)區(qū),所產(chǎn)生姜品質(zhì)良好,產(chǎn)量豐富,具有塊粗壯、皮光滑、粉質(zhì)多、纖維少而細(xì),辣味足、香氣醇等特點(diǎn)。經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)工制成的去皮干姜塊和帶皮干姜片,出口已有二十多年歷史。在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上,云南干姜因?yàn)槠焚|(zhì)優(yōu)良,色白飽滿,干爽多粉,味辣香濃,含油量高,逐步打開銷路,建立信譽(yù),成為名牌商品。云南干姜出口銷往港澳地區(qū)和歐美、日本等國(guó)。
-----------【用藥忌宜】:陰虛內(nèi)熱、血熱妄行者忌服。孕婦慎服。①《本草經(jīng)集注》:“
秦椒為使。惡
黃連、
黃芩、天鼠矢。殺
半夏、
莨菪毒!雹凇侗静萁(jīng)疏》:“久服損陰傷目。陰虛內(nèi)熱,陰虛
咳嗽吐血,表虛有熱汗出,白汗
盜汗,
臟毒下血,因熱嘔惡,火熱腹痛,法并忌之!
【別 名】:白姜、
均姜、干生姜(《綱目》)
【處方名】:干姜、干姜片、淡干姜、泡姜、炮姜、炮干姜、炒干姜、黑姜、炮姜炭、干姜炭、黑姜炭、炒姜炭、姜炭等處方中寫干姜指干姜片。又名淡干姜、泡姜。為原藥除去雜質(zhì),洗凈略泡,潤(rùn)透切片,曬干入藥者。炮姜又名黑姜、炮干姜、炒干姜、干姜炭、炮姜炭、黑姜炭、炒姜炭、姜炭等。為干姜炒至表面微黑,內(nèi)成棕黃色而入藥者。炮姜溫里作用減弱,而長(zhǎng)于溫經(jīng)止血。
【商品名】:均姜:產(chǎn)于湖南均州者。舊時(shí)奉為地道藥材,以為佳品。川干姜:產(chǎn)于四川建版場(chǎng)者,塊大,肥壯,皮細(xì),肉白多粉,現(xiàn)時(shí)視為佳品。
【動(dòng)植物資源分布】:主產(chǎn)于四川、貴州的長(zhǎng)順、興仁等地。
-----------羅平干姜產(chǎn)地調(diào)查
時(shí) 間:2006-12-29 09:17:48 閱 讀: 65 次 編輯者:施雯
一年一度的干姜又開始產(chǎn)新,因?yàn)樗羞^(guò)高價(jià),創(chuàng)造過(guò)輝煌,也曾有過(guò)低價(jià),爛市到無(wú)人問(wèn)津,近期各地詢問(wèn)干姜情況的藥商開始增多,筆者對(duì)羅平干姜的主產(chǎn)地板橋鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行了為期2天的調(diào)查,下面是有關(guān)產(chǎn)地干姜的情況:
12月份的羅平,天氣已經(jīng)有些寒意,中午1點(diǎn)終于到達(dá)板橋小黃姜交易市場(chǎng),雖然天氣有些冷,但并沒(méi)有影響姜農(nóng)們的積極性,從羅平各地匯集來(lái)的鮮姜、干姜,主要拉到這里進(jìn)行交易。市場(chǎng)人很多,一派繁榮的景象。
經(jīng)打聽,時(shí)下的鮮姜價(jià)在0.7-1.1元(千克價(jià),下同)之間,選裝干姜個(gè)8元,統(tǒng)裝干姜個(gè)6.8-7元,姜片6-6.5元。爾后我們來(lái)到附近的樂(lè)巖,與一姓張干姜專營(yíng)戶進(jìn)行了交流。據(jù)他介紹,干姜的歷史高價(jià)有過(guò)兩次,一次是在1997年,收購(gòu)價(jià)17元,一次是在2005年,收購(gòu)價(jià)20元,歷史最低價(jià)在1992-1993年,價(jià)為2.8-3.2元。干姜的播種時(shí)間為農(nóng)歷的2-4月,產(chǎn)新在農(nóng)歷的9月以后,這期間的干姜都是經(jīng)過(guò)烘烤上市交易的,生曬片要到明年的正月至六月才會(huì)有。今天板橋鎮(zhèn)種植面積5000余畝,平均鮮姜畝產(chǎn)量在3000-4000公斤,折干率為5-7:1,最后他說(shuō)由于干姜還有一定的庫(kù)存,今年種植面積與去年相差不多,單產(chǎn)也有些下降,總產(chǎn)量只會(huì)減少一部分,所以干姜行情會(huì)在平穩(wěn)中運(yùn)行。
第二天我們返回羅平縣城,走訪了羅平縣生姜技術(shù)推廣站,申站長(zhǎng)介紹了羅平縣小黃姜的大概情況,他說(shuō)羅平的小黃姜很出名,已形成了產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。今年全縣的種植面積約10萬(wàn)畝,總產(chǎn)量在15-16萬(wàn)噸之間,現(xiàn)在的生姜已得到深加工,今后的需求量會(huì)越來(lái)越大,所以羅平小黃
醬的發(fā)展前景應(yīng)該是廣闊而美好的。
-----------干姜
是藥食兩用產(chǎn)品。藥用具有溫中散寒、回陽(yáng)通脈、燥濕消痰的功能,食用主要作為調(diào)料生產(chǎn)原料,而且每年有相當(dāng)大的數(shù)量出口。廣西是干姜重要產(chǎn)地之一,主要產(chǎn)于桂西山區(qū)的西林縣及其周邊縣。歷年來(lái),“西林粉姜”因粉性足、氣芳香、辣味適度,在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)深受客商的青睞,2003~2004年的兩年間,因產(chǎn)地降雨量偏少,旱情嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致廣西干姜大面積減產(chǎn),由年產(chǎn)量1000噸左右,減至年產(chǎn)只有500~600噸,再加上出口旺盛,導(dǎo)致2004~2005年產(chǎn)新前近兩年時(shí)間里,成為廣西市場(chǎng)熱銷貨,價(jià)格狂升,從2003年11月產(chǎn)新前的4.5~5元(公斤價(jià),下同)升至2005年10月的20~21元。產(chǎn)地農(nóng)戶看到種姜有利可圖,2005年種植面積有了明顯增加。由于產(chǎn)區(qū)風(fēng)調(diào)雨順,姜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好,畝產(chǎn)鮮姜可達(dá)750~1000kg,初步估計(jì)干姜總產(chǎn)可達(dá)1600噸以上,比2004~2005年產(chǎn)量增產(chǎn)2倍左右。因此,產(chǎn)新后新貨大量入市,目前產(chǎn)地貨源充足,市場(chǎng)銷勢(shì)明顯降溫,價(jià)格也跌至9~10元。
業(yè)內(nèi)人士分析認(rèn)為:目前銷勢(shì)暫時(shí)還不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn),但是,經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的熱銷,商家?guī)齑嬉呀?jīng)掏空,需要購(gòu)入較大數(shù)量補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存,出口企業(yè)也要組織出口貨源,只是目前銷勢(shì)和價(jià)位還未穩(wěn)定下來(lái),兩者均在觀望之中,一旦銷勢(shì)和價(jià)格穩(wěn)定下來(lái),商家和出口企業(yè)入市吸貨,銷量會(huì)大增,銷勢(shì)會(huì)出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn),走動(dòng)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)快,價(jià)格有可能反彈,最少也能維持現(xiàn)有價(jià)格水平,不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)大落或大漲。